I was looking for some compatiblity info about styling HTML5 placeholders on mobile with CSS and it seems nothing for me on the internet. So I made this quick test page which includes a form with two input fields ["text", "password"] and textarea. Each one has a placeholder attribute with some text that you should see in those fields as an actual placeholder.
In terms of DOM structure, placeholder is just an element inside input or textarea elements. It seems to be weird, normally you type nothing but the only element. But there’s one thing called Shadow DOM. It’s a place where a lot of stuff lives, the reason why some elements are hidden from the normal DOM is because usually there’s no need to have an access to some UI stuff like placeholder, video and audio player controls, etc. Think about those elements as components with some basic things inside.